What are the L2 public chains?

Mainstream L2 can be divided into two categories based on technical routes: Optimistic Rollup and ZK-Rollup, along with sidechain solutions (some classified as generalized L2).
1. Optimistic Rollup (OP series)
Arbitrum: Ecological leader, leading in TVL and user count; includes Arbitrum One (mainnet), Arbitrum Nova (low fee), and the Nitro stack enhances performance.
Optimism: OP Stack core, promoting cross-chain interconnectivity of the "superchain", ecosystem and developer friendly.
Base: Launched by Coinbase, it has rapidly growing users and transactions, convenient fiat deposits, and a rapidly expanding ecosystem.
Linea: Developed by ConsenSys, EVM compatible, focusing on developers and enterprise applications.
Celo: An Ethereum L2 based on OP Stack, focusing on mobile-first solutions, phone number mapping to lower transfer barriers, stablecoins, and low-fee payments, suitable for the widespread adoption of Web3 applications in emerging markets.
2. ZK-Rollup (Zero-Knowledge System)
zkSync Era: zkEVM compatible, developer-friendly, fast transactions, low costs, rapid ecosystem growth.
StarkNet: Using STARK proofs, high computational power, suitable for complex DeFi and AI applications, with a high degree of decentralization.
Scroll: zkEVM compatible, community-driven, balancing security and compatibility.
Celo: It has zero-knowledge proof (ZK) capabilities and has been implemented at both the core and application layers, with strengthened ZK technology integration in 2025. Thus, it can be seen that Celo not only has the advantages of the (OP system) but also incorporates the benefits of the (zero-knowledge system).
3. General L2 (Sidechain/Hybrid Solutions)
Polygon: Includes Polygon PoS (sidechain), zkEVM (ZK-Rollup), a mature ecosystem with strong cross-chain collaboration.
opBNB: OP Rollup of BNB Chain, low fees and high throughput, in synergy with the BSC ecosystem.
Ronin: The RON sidechain is an Ethereum EVM-compatible game-specific sidechain, featuring low costs, second-level confirmations, and one-click fiat deposits. It is deeply integrated with Axie Infinity and provides a convenient cross-chain bridge, significantly lowering the barriers for users and developers in blockchain gaming.
OP system: EVM compatible, low development costs, good user experience, suitable for general DApps and DeFi, withdrawal requires a 7-day challenge period.
ZK system: stronger security, faster withdrawals (about 1-6 hours), but EVM compatibility and development threshold are slightly higher.
Sidechains: high performance and flexibility, but security relies on their own consensus, not strictly a Rollup. #加密市场小幅回暖