Country rankings by highest GDP per capita: who is truly the wealthiest in 2025?

When discussing global economic dominance, most people immediately think of the United States with its impressive total GDP. But this is a common misconception. In reality, the top 10 wealthiest countries by GDP per capita look quite different. Small states, skillfully leveraging their potential, significantly outpace the USA in this metric.

Luxembourg, Singapore, Macau, and Qatar consistently hold leading positions for a reason. These countries have created conditions for economic prosperity: establishing stable institutions, attracting highly skilled labor, developing powerful financial centers, and creating an attractive environment for investors. Thus, they demonstrate a model of economic success that goes far beyond territory size or population.

Methodology of assessment: what is GDP per capita?

This economic indicator is calculated by dividing the total national income by the number of residents in the country. The result reflects the average income per citizen. GDP per capita is often used to measure the well-being of the population, as higher values traditionally correlate with a better quality of life.

However, it is important to remember one significant limitation: this metric ignores internal income distribution. It does not account for how evenly income is shared among residents. Therefore, a high GDP per capita does not always mean that all citizens live well. The gap between the rich and the poor can be quite substantial.

Where is the world’s wealth concentrated: the ten leaders

Luxembourg: European financial giant with a GDP per capita of $154,910

Luxembourg firmly holds the top position in the top 10 wealthiest countries in the world. The GDP per capita of this miniature state has reached an impressive $154,910.

Luxembourg’s path to financial greatness began with a shift in its economic model. Until the 19th century, it was primarily an agricultural country, but thanks to the development of its banking sector and the creation of a favorable investment climate, the country transformed itself. Luxembourg’s international reputation as a center of financial confidentiality attracted capital and investors from around the world.

Financial and banking services remain the backbone of the economy, but the country is also developing tourism and logistics. At the same time, Luxembourg demonstrates concern for its citizens: social spending accounts for about 20% of the national GDP, which is on par with leading OECD countries.

Singapore: from a developing country to an economic metropolis with a GDP of $153,610

Second place goes to Singapore, with a GDP per capita of $153,610. The history of this island nation is an example of rapid economic transformation.

In a relatively short period, Singapore has transformed from a developing economy into a global financial center. Despite its modest geographic size and small population, the country has built a reputation as one of the least corrupt and most open in the world. A favorable business climate and low tax rates have become magnets for foreign capital.

The country possesses the second-largest container port on the planet, second only to Shanghai. This achievement is complemented by strong political leadership, progressive economic policies, and access to a highly educated workforce. The combination of these factors ensures Singapore’s status as one of the most attractive places for international investment.

Macau: Asian gambling hub with a GDP per capita of $140,250

The third spot is occupied by the Macau Special Administrative Region, part of China, with a GDP per capita of $140,250.

Located in the Pearl River Delta, this small region has maintained economic openness since its transfer to Chinese control in 1999. The backbone of Macau’s economy is gambling and tourism, generating significant government revenues. Millions of tourists from around the world visit the region annually.

Accumulated wealth has allowed Macau to create one of the most generous social programs globally. The region became a pioneer in China by offering its residents 15 years of completely free education.

Ireland: from economic stagnation to a tech hub with a GDP per capita of $131,550

Fourth in the list is Ireland with a GDP per capita of $131,550. The economic history of this country contains lessons of strategic turnaround.

Ireland’s main industries are agriculture, pharmaceuticals, medical device manufacturing, and software development. Low corporate tax rates and a welcoming regulatory environment have made the country attractive for corporations seeking an European headquarters.

Historically, Ireland chose protectionism, imposing high trade barriers during its confrontation with Britain in the 1930s. This policy led to economic stagnation by the mid-20th century, while the rest of Europe prospered. A radical turnaround occurred after trade liberalization and joining the European Union. EU membership opened access to the largest market, and reducing trade barriers stimulated investment inflows and export growth.

Qatar: oil and gas powerhouse among the wealthiest countries with a GDP of $118,760

Fifth place goes to Qatar, with a GDP per capita of $118,760. The wealth of this Persian Gulf state is directly linked to its colossal natural gas reserves.

Oil and natural gas form the foundation of Qatar’s economy. Besides the energy sector, the country actively invests in international tourism and hospitality. The country’s global image was significantly enhanced after Qatar hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2022, becoming the first Arab nation to receive this honor.

The government recognizes the need for long-term economic diversification and directs capital into education, healthcare, and technological innovation.

Norway: Scandinavian oil miracle with a GDP per capita of $106,540

Sixth place is Norway, with a GDP per capita of $106,540. This country demonstrates how natural resources can transform a nation’s destiny.

Historically, Norway was considered the poorest of the three Scandinavian countries (along with Denmark and Sweden). Its economy was based on agriculture, forestry, and fishing. The discovery of large offshore oil and gas fields in the 20th century radically changed its development trajectory.

Today, Norway is among the most prosperous European countries and has one of the most efficient social systems among OECD nations. However, the high standard of living is accompanied by high costs: Norway is one of the most expensive countries to live in Europe.

Switzerland: innovation and luxury industry hub with a GDP of $98,140

Seventh place goes to Switzerland with a GDP per capita of $98,140. The economic strength of this country is based on quality and innovation.

Switzerland is renowned for producing premium goods, especially high-quality watches. Brands like Rolex and Omega have become synonymous with reliability and prestige worldwide. The country is also home to numerous global corporations operating in various sectors: Nestlé, ABB, and Stadler Rail are just a few examples of Swiss multinational companies of global significance.

Switzerland has consistently ranked first in the Global Innovation Index since 2015, reflecting a culture of research and development. The country invests over 20% of its GDP in social security, matching the scale of the most developed economies in the world.

Brunei Darussalam: Southeast Asian oil economy with a GDP of $95,040

Eighth place belongs to Brunei Darussalam with a GDP per capita of $95,040. This country demonstrates how hydrocarbon resources can ensure regional economic prosperity.

Brunei’s economy heavily depends on oil and gas reserves, which generate over half of its GDP. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, the country is a significant exporter of oil, petroleum products, and liquefied natural gas, providing about 90% of government revenues.

Such a high concentration of income from hydrocarbon exports creates a risk: fluctuations in global commodity prices directly affect the country’s prosperity. In response, Brunei actively diversifies its economy. The launch of a halal branding program in 2009 and investments in tourism, agriculture, and manufacturing reflect these efforts.

Guyana: emerging oil power with a dynamic GDP per capita of $91,380

Ninth place goes to Guyana, with a GDP per capita of $91,380. The economy of this country is experiencing rapid development thanks to an oil boom.

The discovery of extensive offshore oil reserves in 2015 initiated a radical transformation of the economy. Increased oil production has not only stimulated national economic growth but also attracted large foreign investments in the hydrocarbon sector.

At the same time, the Guyanese government views oil not as a monopoly on income. The country is deliberately working to expand its economic base, developing other sectors to ensure sustainable long-term prosperity.

United States: an economic giant but not a leader in well-being, with a GDP per capita of $89,680

The tenth position in the top 10 wealthiest countries is occupied by the United States with a GDP per capita of $89,680. The USA remains the largest economy on the planet by nominal GDP and second by purchasing power parity.

American economic power is fueled by several sources. The country hosts the two largest stock exchanges — the New York Stock Exchange and Nasdaq, with the highest market capitalization in the world. Wall Street and leading financial institutions like JPMorgan Chase and Bank of America drive global financial flows. The US dollar functions as the world’s reserve currency, enhancing the country’s economic influence.

At the same time, the US remains a global leader in research and development, investing about 3.4% of its GDP in R&D.

However, behind the facade of economic grandeur lies a troubling problem. The US exhibits one of the highest income inequality levels among developed countries, and this gap continues to widen. Additionally, US national debt has exceeded $36 trillions, amounting to approximately 125% of the national GDP — the highest level in the world. These factors point to significant internal economic challenges despite global dominance.