When a robot can autonomously assemble similar products and independently complete payment transactions on the chain, we will truly enter a new era of an economy dominated by machines. What drives this transformation is not the upgrade of chip computing power, but a whole new set of "rules of the game."

A report from Morgan Stanley provides a startling figure: by 2050, the humanoid robot market could reach $5 trillion. By then, billions of machines will flow from factory floors to streets, homes, and various service scenarios. But accompanying this is an unavoidable real-world problem—how are these machines, endowed with intelligence and physical bodies, recognized, managed, and compensated for the services they provide?

Are they just expensive tools? Or can they be "digital citizens" capable of participating independently in economic activities? The answer will determine whether the $5 trillion scale is a mirage or a genuine business empire.

Some industry pioneers have a clear idea: the key issue is not equipping machines with more powerful "limbs," but building a complete programmable "social infrastructure" for them—from identity recognition, to payment systems, to governance frameworks.

In simple terms, most current robots are actually "anonymous." They lack independent identities, and the economic value and legal responsibilities of their actions are tied to the company or person behind them. It’s like a person without an ID card or bank account, who cannot conduct business independently in modern society.

Some teams have proposed a solution: give each AI machine an agent passport certification. This idea aims to create an independent identity for robots, enabling on-chain payments and participation in autonomous economic activities.