2月12日消息,2026年,美国银行家协会(ABA)已正式致信美国货币监理署(OCC),要求立即暂停对多家加密货币公司的国家银行特许经营权审查,其中包括 Ripple、Circle 及其他相关申请机构。此举被视为美国传统银行体系对数字资产领域扩张的强烈反制。
ABA在信中指出,在国会尚未完成加密金融监管框架之前,OCC不应继续按照传统银行的审批节奏处理这些申请。该协会强调,监管机构在发放任何特许权之前,必须全面评估申请人的合规责任、资本结构以及潜在系统性风险。
争议焦点之一在于《GENIUS 法案》。ABA批评OCC将特许权审批与该法案挂钩,但该法案仍需多个联邦机构完成配套规则,全面落地可能需要数年时间。ABA担心,在监管体系尚不完善的情况下仓促发放牌照,将加大破产与流动性风险。
目前,Ripple 的申请最受关注。该公司此前已获得OCC的有条件批准,这被外界视为距离全面牌照仅一步之遥,也正是这一进展引发了ABA的强烈反对。此外,World Liberty Financial 也提交了成为联邦特许国家信托银行的申请,并在政界引发争议。
除上述企业外,Circle、BitGo、Paxos以及野村证券旗下的 Laser Digital 也被提及为相关案例。ABA还警告称,部分加密机构可能通过关联平台,绕开《GENIUS 法案》中关于利息收益的限制,从而形成监管套利。
这一事件表明,美国加密金融与传统银行体系的博弈正在升级。随着立法与监管进程持续推进,OCC是否会调整审查节奏,将直接影响美国数字资产行业的制度化进程。
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