Ethereum founder Vitalik pointed out in a post that the best way to build L2 is to fully leverage the security and other capabilities of L1, simplifying the logic to sorters and provers to achieve minimal trust and efficiency. This goal is realized through Ethereum's L2 solutions, and some successful cases indicate that L1 can effectively protect the rights and interests of L2 users.

Defx has completed a $2.5 million seed round financing, focusing on a privacy-centric L1 Blockchain project aimed at providing a high-performance DEX, utilizing zk-SNARKs technology to protect order information and ensure on-chain verifiability.

Gate News bot reported that the Ethereum Foundation (EF) merged its protocol R&D department under the unified name "Protocol", and the new plan focuses resources on three technical priorities: scaling the base layer, scaling the blob capacity of the L2 network, and improving the user experience. Protocol currently has a reduced number of operating staff. The Foundation confirmed that some researchers and engineers left during the restructuring and encouraged other Ethereum companies to recruit these talents.

Litheum is a new generation L1 Blockchain protocol that announced the completion of a $750,000 financing led by Alphemy Capital and Amber Group. They adopt the PoP Consensus Mechanism, aiming to compress blockchain usage costs to the physical limit. A Testnet is planned to be launched next quarter to enhance on-chain performance and cost efficiency.

Odaily News The Ethereum Foundation developer Sophia Gold published an article proposing the implementation of L1 zkEVM within a year through multi zkVM execution proofs verified by validators. The goal of this plan is to achieve "real-time proof," with definitions including: latency ≤ 10 seconds, 128-bit security, proof size ≤ 300KiB, and feasible home verification, promoting Ethereum to become the world's largest ZK application platform.

Ethereum founder Vitalik stated that Ethereum Layer 1 will become the global main ledger, possessing trust neutrality, censorship resistance, as well as tamper-proofing and transparency. As Ethereum grows, this decentralized system will become harder to disrupt.

Ethereum founder Vitalik stated that Ethereum Layer 1 will become the global main ledger, possessing trust neutrality, censorship resistance, as well as tamper-proofing and transparency. As Ethereum grows, this decentralized system will become increasingly difficult to disrupt.

Gate News bot message, Ethereum founder Vitalik reposted a tweet by Consensys founder Joseph Lubin stating, "Ethereum L1 is the world ledger."

Ethereum founder Vitalik stated that Ethereum Layer 1 will become the global main ledger, possessing trusted neutrality, censorship resistance, and tamper resistance, and will continuously achieve decentralization with the support of a large community to resist potential disruptive threats.

Ethereum core developers are considering increasing the Layer 1 Gas limit by four times to 150 million in the next Hard Fork Fusaka. This move aims to expand execution capacity without requiring new features, but it needs developer guidance for testing and fixing bugs. Validators have supported raising the Gas limit, which is currently slightly below 36 million. Pectra is planned to go live in May, and Fusaka may launch by the end of 2025.

According to Gate.io News bot, Vitalik Buterin, the co-founder of Ethereum, has released the Ethereum L1 privacy roadmap. This roadmap proposes specific solutions to improve user privacy without modifying the Ethereum consensus. The roadmap focuses on four areas of privacy: on-chain payment privacy, partial anonymization of on-chain activities within applications, on-chain reading privacy, and network anonymity. Specific measures include integrating privacy tools like Railgun into wallets, implementing a "one address per application" default setting, enforcing FOCIL and EIP-7701, and utilizing TEE and PIR technologies to protect RPC privacy, thereby reducing metadata leakage.

Vitalik Buterin proposed a "minimalist L1 privacy roadmap" aimed at strengthening the privacy protection of Ethereum users, including on-chain payment privacy, anonymization of in-app activities, on-chain reading privacy, and network-level anonymization. He emphasized that this plan can be combined with long-term deeper L1 reforms, with core measures including integrating privacy tools into mainstream wallets, defaulting to "one address per application", and promoting FOCIL and EIP-7701, among others. The ultimate goal is to achieve user operation isolation, default privacy sending, and an infrastructure resistant to censorship.

Sui has become the second fastest growing L1 developer community over the past year, with a growth rate of 16.1%, second only to Solana. At the same time, Sui's growth rate over the past two years has reached 54%, which is contrary to the overall encryption industry, where the number of developers has decreased by about 20%.

FIFA collaborates with Avalanche to develop in the blockchain field, launching a dedicated Layer1 blockchain to meet demands. This move will utilize Avalanche technology to build a customized public chain, aiming to attract more developers to participate. FIFA previously released NFTs on the Algorand chain and plans to migrate the NFTs to an EVM-compatible chain this year. The high-performance advantages of Avalanche are beneficial for global-level applications. Currently, FIFA has not disclosed specific application scenarios for the new blockchain, only confirming the launch of World Cup NFTs and a digital collectibles platform.

According to the Gate.io News bot, it is reported by Wu that Linea has officially announced a new cross-chain fee policy. Under this policy, users transferring assets from Ethereum (L1) to Linea (L2) will be exempt from Gas fees. This policy has specific restrictions: it only applies to cross-chain transactions from L1 to L2, the gas consumption for the transaction must be less than 250,000, and it does not include cross-chain operations involving USDC. At the same time, users still need to bear the gas fees at the L1 level.

Golden Finance reported that Linea tweeted that users transferring assets from Ethereum to Linea will be exempt from Gas fees. However, there are the following restrictions: applicable only to L1 to L2 transactions, covering transactions with Gas below 250,000, excluding USDC cross-chain, and users still need to pay the Gas fees for L1 transactions.

ChainCatcher message, Linea tweeted that users transferring assets from Ethereum to Linea will be exempt from Gas fees. However, there are the following limitations: applicable only for L1 to L2 transactions, covering transactions with Gas below 250,000, excluding USDC cross-chain, and users still need to pay the Gas fees for L1 transactions.

Despite the market capitalization of Crypto Assets reaching $2.49 trillion, there are hidden dangers in the Liquidity structure, especially for smaller Tokens. The Liquidity of Centralized Exchanges is affected by market Fluctuation, and solutions need to be improved at the protocol layer. Automated trading is gradually replacing manual trading.

Sei Labs released the Sei Giga White Paper, introducing its Layer 1 EVM-based blockchain solution. Technical features include 5 Ggas throughput, 200,000 TPS processing capability, 400 milliseconds confirmation time, and a new EVM execution client. Through asynchronous submission and Autobahn consensus, the solution boosts throughput by 50 times while maintaining compatibility with Ether. The project aims to meet the demand for high-performance underlying infrastructure in Web3 applications and has completed the core development phase.

According to Gate News bot messages, Vitalik Buterin, the founder of Ethereum, proposed a solution for Ethereum L1 scaling that takes into account the operation of individual nodes. The solution is divided into three stages: The short-term phase will promote the EIP-4444 proposal, limiting nodes to only store 36 days of historical data, while establishing a distributed historical storage system and improving storage costs and reducing execution costs by adjusting the Gas mechanism. The medium-term goal focuses on achieving stateless verification to reduce storage requirements. The long-term plan is to introduce a "partial stateless node" mechanism, allowing nodes to maintain only a portion of the state data specified by users. This mechanism ensures the ability for users to locally access important states while maintaining privacy and censorship resistance in the context of an increased L1 Gas limit.

Vitalik Buterin proposed adjusting the Ethereum scaling roadmap by favoring local nodes to alleviate the impact of increased Gas limits on personal Full Nodes. He emphasized that personal nodes have privacy and censorship resistance needs for locally reading chain data in addition to on-chain validation, suggesting to accelerate the implementation of EIP-4444, build decentralized historical data storage, adjust the Gas mechanism, and proposed a new model for partial stateless nodes that allows users to save critical states on demand, balancing storage efficiency with local privacy.

According to the Gate.io News bot, Wu Shuo reported that the Ethereum Foundation (EF) announced new leadership appointments in April 2025. Hsiao-Wei Wang and Tomasz Stańczak will serve as co-executive directors. In the coming year, the Ethereum Foundation will focus on the expansion of the Ethereum mainnet (L1) and Layer 2 (L2), while also working to enhance user experience (UX) and application layer development. The foundation will also provide support for developers, applications, and users through optimizing operational management, establishing standards, and ecosystem coordination. During this period, the foundation will continue to uphold core values such as resistance review, open source innovation, privacy protection, and security.

BlockBeats news, on April 21, the full-chain Rollup L1 network Initia announced its tokenomics. The total supply of Initia's native token INIT is fixed at 1 billion, of which 5% is allocated for airdrop. In addition, the foundation accounts for 7.75%, protocol developers account for 15%, and protocol sales account for 15.25%.

The Ethereum Foundation recently adjusted its leadership structure to allow co-founder Vitalik more time for research. The focus has shifted to addressing user experience and scalability challenges in the upcoming protocol upgrade. Emphasis is placed on layer 1 scalability, supporting layer 2 scalability, and improving user experience.

The Ethereum Foundation will focus on L1 scaling, L2 support, and user experience optimization, including upgrades to protocols such as Pectra, Fusaka, and Glamsterdam. Vitalik Buterin is shifting towards research promotion, concentrating on RISC‑V, zkVM, and privacy, emphasizing that proposals must undergo community discussion and scrutiny, aiming to accelerate breakthroughs for the future of Ethereum.

Golden Finance reports that Ethereum Foundation member joshrudolf.eth shared a simplified roadmap on the X platform, which includes expanding blobs, expanding L1, and improving user experience (following L2 interoperability + Application Layer). In addition, Ethereum core developer Tomasz K. Stańczak

According to Gate.io News bot, Tomasz K. Stańczak, the co-executive director of the Ethereum Foundation, elaborated on the long-term development roadmap of Ethereum. This roadmap focuses on blob expansion, L1 performance improvement, and user experience optimization, including L2 interoperability and Application Layer optimization. Stańczak emphasized that Ethereum will continue to mint assets at the L1 level in the future, promoting the development of RWA and stablecoins. At the same time, the roadmap covers improvements in security and communication efficiency. In addition, the Ethereum ecosystem will attract long-term innovators through visions such as AI, autonomous machines, privacy, and open-source society.

OP Labs announced an upgrade to the response to proof-of-fault events, which will trigger the invalidation of pending withdrawal proofs on L1 on April 1. Operators and users are reminded to complete all withdrawals before the upgrade takes effect to avoid any impacts. Unprocessed withdrawals will not affect asset security, but users need to submit a second withdrawal proof transaction on L1.

L1 Blockchain developer Pharos Network has launched its first public testnet, providing a testing environment for developers aimed at supporting smart contracts development, performance testing, and stress testing. Future plans include improving tool resources, expanding service support, and more. Previously completed a $8 million seed round funding.

Gate News bot message, ZK Nation stated that ZIP-10 has been approved by the Security Council and executed on L1. The proposal aims to allowlist the ZK Gateway chain as a settlement layer for the Elastic Network, paving the way for rapid interoperability by providing a cheap batch settlement layer and fast communication between ZK chains.

ChainCatcher news, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin responded to Paradigm CTO Georgios Konstantopoulos's point on the X platform about "cross-chain interoperability being solved at the infrastructure level" by stating that it can only be considered "truly solved" when cross-L2 operations can match the censorship resistance, trustless nature, and lack of intermediaries of native ETH transfers on L1. Vitalik calls this the "no-regression principle"

Golden Finance reported that Ethereum founder Vitalik Buterin posted on social platform X, proposing the no-return principle and emphasizing that cross-L2 operations must have the same censorship resistance, trustworthiness, and lack of intermediaries as Ethereum L1 in order to truly solve the cross-chain interoperability issue.

BlockBeats reported that on May 21, the prediction market Bizzy announced a partnership with the L1 data chain Irys. Bizzy stated that its AI agents rely on powerful and reliable data solutions when processing hundreds of thousands of topics and massive amounts of data. With Irys's cutting-edge data chain technology, Bizzy has achieved secure data storage and active utilization, providing users with AI-driven insights and scalable secure operational capabilities.

Golden Finance reported that L1 Blockchain expansion platform Litheum has announced that it has received strategic investments from Amber Group and Alphemy Capital, with an investment amount of $750,000. The new funds will be used to build its performance proof (PoP) based Decentralized Finance and microcredit decentralized applications, further dropping encryption lending costs.

According to Gate.io News bot, Vitalik Buterin, co-founder of Ethereum, recently announced his work priorities for 2025. The plan mainly includes two core directions: the first is the development of Ethereum infrastructure, focusing on the long-term roadmap for L1, including single-slot finality, statelessness, and long-term VM evolution, while also striving for full-stack security, Decentralization, and privacy-friendly technology implementation. The second is to promote Decentralization acceleration (d/acc) from a macro perspective, involving communication tools, social and governance mechanism design, as well as Cryptography, operating systems, hardware infrastructure, and biological defense. Buterin also pointed out that short-term scaling (such as Gas Limit increase), peer-to-peer networks, and Block building have been handed over to other teams for advancement.

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin announced his personal focus areas, including the development of Ethereum technology, full-stack security, open source and privacy, decentralized governance, as well as topics related to cryptography, operating systems, hardware, and biological defense.

According to BlockBeats news on April 30, 740 million MOVE tokens have been returned to the foundation wallet for the preparation of MoveDrop. These tokens were previously allocated to the initial L1 phase of MoveDrop. The team stated that the Movement part of MoveDrop is about to be completed. Previously, on March 22, Movement Network announced that MoveDrop would be postponed.

The Kakarot project announced the completion of a full implementation of the Ethereum Virtual Machine and plans to prove Ethereum Layer 1 blocks in real-time using the STARK proof system. Built using the Cairo language, it provides an independent zero-knowledge proof solution. The project can generate block proofs in 8 seconds, better than Ethereum's 12-second block time. By avoiding reliance on mainstream solutions, it has constructed an alternative for generating zero-knowledge proofs for Ethereum blocks. The team responded that they are not in a hurry to transition to RISC-V.

Golden Finance reports that at the ETHGlobal Prague conference, Vitalik stated that Ethereum will expand its L1 scale by about 10 times within a year, and then "take a breather" before the next leap.

Gate.io News bot message, Solana co-founder Toly recently published an article discussing his views on the underlying Blockchain protocol (L1). He emphasized that L1 needs to have sufficient flexibility to allow applications to independently choose their business models to achieve rise. Toly pointed out in the text: "If L1 hinders application rise, they will leave, it's that simple." He believes L1 should not impose limits on the rise strategies of applications, even for some "seemingly bad rise strategies," otherwise it will lead to project migration. Source: Wu Says

PANews reported on April 27 that Kaito founder Yu Hu posted on X platform, stating that the platform accidentally backfilled the new Algorithm into the past 12 months (L12M), causing users to see longer time windows (30 days/3 months/6 months/12 months). The data is currently being fixed, but due to the large volume, it will take more time to process (possibly several hours rather than a few days). Additionally, the data displayed on the frontend may be incomplete and is still being updated. Please do not consider the data displayed on the platform as the final version until an official update is released.

Uniswap founder Hayden Adams expressed concerns about the confusion surrounding Ethereum's scaling strategy, emphasizing that the community should adhere to an L2-based scaling route. He criticized the internal conflicting voices and called for stability in the community's choice of scaling solutions to drop risks. He opposed frequent changes in strategic direction, believing that choosing one path is more important than attempting all methods.

According to Gate.io News bot, as reported by Wu Shuo, during the community discussion on Ethereum's scalability path, Uniswap founder Hayden Adams expressed his views on Ethereum's scalability strategy. Adams pointed out that if Ethereum chooses to host DeFi on L1 (Mainnet), Solana is superior in terms of roadmap, team, and scalability strategy. He emphasized that Ethereum has consistently focused on the Rollup-centered L2 scaling route over the past five years, and that the current phase should not shift towards an L1-centered scaling strategy. Adams also criticized the community for its repeated changes in scaling paths, stating: "We need to choose a direction and bear the corresponding risks, rather than changing the narrative and strategy every month."

ChainCatcher news, Ethereum founder Vitalik Buterin discussed the development of Ethereum in 2025 at the ETHGlobal Taipei event, stating that even if most activities occur on L2, L1 scalability should not be overlooked. He listed several scenarios where L2 applications still rely on L1: L1 censorship resistance, asset transfers between L2, large-scale exits from L2, L1 asset issuance, Keystore Wallet, and L2 proof submission.

Golden Finance reports that Solana co-founder toly posted on X, stating that the underlying L1 protocol should be flexible enough to allow applications to conduct business in any way they want. If applications can differ in priority and grow their business in this way, they will do so. If the L1 protocol hinders their rise, they will leave L1. It's that simple. Regardless of whether an idea is good or bad, it doesn't matter. Even preventing applications from trying bad ideas that they think might contribute to rise can motivate them to leave L1.

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin pointed out in a blog post that Ethereum aims to become the "world ledger," emphasizing the importance of protocol simplicity. He proposed suggestions for simplifying the consensus layer and the execution layer, including adopting a new consensus layer called "Beam chain" and replacing the EVM with RISC-V. He advocated for setting a "maximum line of code target," striving for Ethereum's key code to approach the simplicity of Bitcoin, and emphasized the principles of choosing simple solutions, encapsulating complexity, and adopting verifiable attributes and guarantees in design decision-making.

According to Gate.io News bot, as reported by Wu Shuo, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin proposed a recommendation to simplify the Ethereum protocol within the next five years through an article titled "Simplifying the L1". Buterin pointed out in the article that Ethereum should learn from Bitcoin's minimalist design philosophy and simplify it from multiple aspects, including the consensus layer, execution layer, virtual machine compatibility strategy, and shared protocol components. He also suggested setting a maximum line limit for the protocol's code, making the core Ethereum protocol closer to Bitcoin in terms of simplicity and long-term resilience.

According to BlockBeats news, on May 3rd, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin published a blog post stating that Ethereum's goal is to become the "world ledger": a platform for storing civilizational assets and recording the foundational layers of finance, governance, high-value data verification, and more. This requires two things: scalability and resilience. The goal of this post is to focus on an extremely important yet often underestimated aspect of resilience (which ultimately relates to scalability): the simplicity of the protocol. One of the greatest things about Bitcoin is its extremely simple and elegant protocol design, and maintaining the simplicity of the protocol helps Bitcoin or Ethereum become a credible, neutral, and globally trusted infrastructure layer. In the past, Ethereum has often fallen short in this regard, and this article will discuss how, over the next five years, Ethereum can become nearly as simple as Bitcoin. Simplifying the consensus layer: a new consensus layer (formerly known as

Odaily News Aptos community member MoonSheisty submitted a proposal on April 18 to gradually lower the Annual Percentage Rate of APT Token staking from 7% to 3.79%, aiming to improve capital efficiency within three months and align with other L1 Blockchains. The proposal has drawn community follow, with some members concerned that this move may weaken the participation of small validators and affect the level of Decentralization. (Cointelegraph)

Golden Finance reports that, according to data from CryptoRank, Solana led all L1 blockchains in on-chain fees in the first quarter with $370 million, surpassing Ethereum, TRON, BNB Chain, and other blockchains.