Understand the Minimum Wage System of the United States in 2025: Realities and Challenges

The Complex Minimum Wage Scenario in the United States

Unlike Brazil, which adopts a single national minimum wage, the United States operates with a decentralized model. The federal minimum remains at US$ 7.25 per hour since 2009, but states, counties, and municipalities have full autonomy to set their own rates. This results in significant variation: workers can earn between US$ 7.25 and US$ 17.50 per hour, depending solely on the region where they work.

How Hourly Compensation Works in the US

Unlike the Brazilian system based on monthly salary, the American market operates entirely on an hourly basis. To convert this amount into monthly earnings, the simple calculation is used:

Hourly wage × 40 hours per week × 4 weeks = Monthly earnings

For the federal minimum:

• US$ 7.25 × 40 × 4 = US$ 1,160 per month (approximately R$ 6,032 at current exchange rates)

This is the reality for workers in sectors such as retail, food service, stockrooms, and cleaning — precisely the operational roles that most often earn the minimum wage.

Distribution of the US Minimum Wage by Region

Values vary drastically between states. While Georgia and Wyoming maintain minimum wages of US$ 5.15 per hour (with the federal US$ 7.25 effectively prevailing), regions with higher living costs have implemented significant increases:

Highest minimum wages:

• District of Columbia: US$ 17.50/hour (US$ 2,800/month)
• Washington: US$ 16.66/hour
• California: US$ 16.50/hour
• New York: US$ 15.50 to US$ 16.50/hour depending on the county

California overtime structure:

• Over 8 hours daily: 1.5x the base rate
• Over 12 hours daily: 2x the base rate

Who Earns and How It Applies

The US minimum wage applies to workers starting at age 14, hired under regular employment, excluding apprentices, interns, and professionals whose main income comes from tips. In practice, waiters and service attendants may receive a lower base amount, compensated by gratuities.

Sectors that most utilize this minimum wage: fast food, retail, supermarkets, cleaning, and entry-level administrative roles.

The Gap Between Minimum Wage and Cost of Living

The crucial question: is it possible to live on minimum wage in the US? The answer, in most cases, is no.

Basic monthly expenses (excluding rent): US$ 1,185
Average rent in common areas: US$ 1,626

Total: US$ 2,811 — more than double the federal minimum.

Even in states with higher minimum wages, housing costs increase proportionally. Washington DC and California, for example, have some of the most expensive rents in the country, neutralizing the salary advantage.

Brazil vs. United States Comparison: Beyond Direct Conversion

Converting 2025 values (US$ 1 = R$ 5.20):

• US federal minimum wage: R$ 6,032/month
• Brazil minimum wage: R$ 1,518/month

This seemingly huge difference does not reflect the lived reality. The correct analysis involves purchasing power parity (PPP) (, which reveals: one dollar in the US buys proportionally fewer goods and services than the equivalent in reais in Brazil.

Additionally:

• Brazil: centralized model, one minimum wage for all
• United States: hybrid federalist model with extreme regional disparities
• Both countries: wages insufficient to adequately cover basic costs in large urban centers

Practical Calculation Methodology

Weekly calculation )standard 40h workweek(: Hourly rate × 40 = Weekly earnings

Monthly calculation )4 weeks(: Hourly rate × 160 = Monthly earnings

For states with minimum wages above US$ 14/hour, monthly income easily exceeds US$ 2,240.

2025 Outlook: Trends and Realities

The minimum wage system in the US remains fragmented. While the federal minimum has been frozen for 16 years, major cities and progressive states continue to approve annual increases. This dynamic creates incentives for internal migration of workers seeking better conditions.

For Brazilians planning a professional move, the advice is threefold: research the specific state minimum wage, investigate local living costs, and consider that multiple minimum wages may be necessary for a decent life.

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