Sui Lutris: A new breakthrough in blockchain performance

Blockchain technology has come a long way since the advent of Bitcoin. With the rise of new applications such as gaming and NFTs, the industry is constantly exploring ways to improve the efficiency of the technology, especially when it comes to handling high loads and achieving real-time latency. L1 blockchains face two major challenges: the need to achieve high throughput while maintaining low latency, and the need to ensure the long-term stability of the consensus protocol. Addressing these challenges also requires maintaining decentralization through the dynamic participation and reconfiguration of validators.

One way to achieve high throughput is to use a DAG-based consensus protocol. Such protocols allow the blockchain to handle a large number of transactions simultaneously, making them very suitable for application scenarios such as games and NFTs. However, DAG-based protocols often result in delays of several seconds, which can be a high time cost for regular transfers or game operations.

Consensus-free protocols, on the other hand, show great potential in reducing latency and scalability. These protocols eliminate the need for consensus and allow transactions to be processed quickly without the need for total ordering of independent transactions processed in parallel. But they are limited to a constrained class of simple blockchain operations, limiting the expressible complexity of smart contracts, and reconfiguring dynamically changing sets of validators can be challenging.

Despite their great potential, these methods have not yet been used in production-grade blockchains, have only been presented at academic conferences, and have not been widely adopted by the blockchain community. Sui Lutris, as a Sui-enabled protocol, combines DAG-based consensus and no-consensus methods to achieve the best of both worlds: sub-second latency and sustained throughput of thousands of transactions per second. At the same time, Sui maintains the ability to express complex contracts on shared objects, generate checkpoints, and reconfigure validator sets across epochs.

Sui Lutris takes a unique approach that combines the above two approaches. For single-owner-owned asset operations, the system employs a consistent broadcast protocol among validators, achieving lower latency than consensus. For complex smart contracts running on shared objects, Sui Lutris relies only on consensus processing. In addition, it supports network maintenance operations such as defining checkpoints and reconfiguring validators. This novel strategy provides a balance of efficiency and functionality when dealing with transactions in a replicated Byzantine environment.

The transaction process of Sui Lutris is as follows: the user creates and signs the transaction, the transaction is sent to the validator for inspection and signature, and the client collects the response of most validators to form a transaction certificate. Once the certificate is complete, it is sent again to all validators for confirmation. Transactions involving exclusive objects can be processed directly and quickly, without waiting for consensus. All certificates are forwarded to a DAG-based consensus protocol. Consensus on the total order of the final output certificates, with validators performing transactions containing shared objects. Customers can collect responses from most validators and assemble them into a certificate of effect as proof of transaction settlement.

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In addition to the main transaction process, Sui Lutris offers several features to support production-grade blockchains:

1. Implement a checkpoint protocol that generates a causal history of all transactions in the system for auditing and synchronization.

2. Support reconfiguration at the end of each period, allowing changes in the validator set and their voting rights.

3. Securely "unlock" incorrectly locked assets at the end of the epoch to minimize vulnerability damage.

Sui Lutris provides strong support for blockchains that manage large amounts of value. It combines high efficiency and functionality to bring new possibilities to blockchain technology.