The major controllable nuclear fusion (known as the ultimate solution for human energy) device projects currently under construction worldwide are as follows:

1⃣️International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER)
- Location: Southern France
- Technical Route: Tokamak (Magnetic Confinement)
- Latest developments:
- The construction of the world's largest pulse superconducting magnet system (central solenoid) will be completed in April 2025, with a total weight of nearly 3000 tons and capable of generating a magnetic field of 13 Tesla.
- Plan to achieve a fusion power output of 500 megawatts by 2025 (energy gain Q=10), aiming to demonstrate the feasibility of fusion power generation.
- Participants: China, the European Union, the United States, and other 32 countries cooperate, with China responsible for manufacturing core components such as superconducting magnets and vacuum chambers.

2⃣️SPARC Reactor (USA)
- Location: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in collaboration with Commonwealth Fusion Systems
- Technical Route: Compact Tokamak (High-Temperature Superconducting Magnet)
- Latest progress:
- Using a new type of high-temperature superconducting magnet (with a magnetic field strength of 21 Tesla), the volume is only 1/70 of ITER.
- Planned to start operation in 2025, with a target energy gain Q≥2 (output power 50–100 megawatts), it will be the world's first privately funded project to achieve net energy gain.

3⃣️MAST Upgrade Project (UK)
- Technical Route: Spherical Tokamak
- Objective: To verify the economic viability of small-scale fusion reactors and reduce construction costs.

4⃣️Compact Fusion Energy Experimental Device (BEST)
- Progress: The overall assembly of the project will start ahead of schedule in May 2025, with a plan to be completed by 2027, aiming to demonstrate deuterium-tritium fusion power generation.
- Meaning: The world's first experimental reactor aimed at generating energy in reality, a key step towards "lighting the first lamp of nuclear fusion."

5⃣️China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR)
- Stage: Design completed, engineering scheme validation initiated, aiming to build the world's first fusion demonstration power plant.

6⃣️New Generation Spherical Tokamak Device
- Progress: The bidding by China National Nuclear Corporation will commence in mid-2025, entering the substantive operational phase.
- Related project: China Circulation Three (HL-3) has achieved "double hundred million degree" plasma operation, and the new device will focus on tritium self-sustaining technology.

7⃣️Hanhai Gathering Energy Linear Field Reversal Device
- Technical Route: Linear Magnetic Confinement (Benchmarking against Helion, USA)
- Progress: Rated by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment in April 2025, installation and debugging of the equipment are ongoing, combined with AI optimization control solutions.

8⃣️Xi'an Star Ring聚能球形托卡马克:
Promote the repeated re-linking fusion scheme based on high-temperature superconducting technology.

9⃣️Langfang Xuanlong-50U (Xin'ao Energy):
Initiate in 2024, achieving stable plasma discharge.

🔟 Shanghai Honghuang 70 (Energy Singularity):
The world's first all-high-temperature superconducting Tokamak will achieve its first plasma in June 2024.

1⃣️1⃣️Helion Energy in the United States**:
- $425 million in financing in 2025 (invested by OpenAI founders), plans to build a 50-megawatt fusion power plant in Washington by 2028.

- Develop 175 MW small modular reactors, aiming for grid connection by 2030.

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