- Topic1/3
12k Popularity
14k Popularity
17k Popularity
5k Popularity
21k Popularity
- Pin
- #Gate 2025 Semi-Year Community Gala# voting is in progress! 🔥
Gate Square TOP 40 Creator Leaderboard is out
🙌 Vote to support your favorite creators: www.gate.com/activities/community-vote
Earn Votes by completing daily [Square] tasks. 30 delivered Votes = 1 lucky draw chance!
🎁 Win prizes like iPhone 16 Pro Max, Golden Bull Sculpture, Futures Voucher, and hot tokens.
The more you support, the higher your chances!
Vote to support creators now and win big!
https://www.gate.com/announcements/article/45974
- 🎉 Hey Gate Square friends! Non-stop perks and endless excitement—our hottest posting reward events are ongoing now! The more you post, the more you win. Don’t miss your exclusive goodies! 🚀
1️⃣ #ETH Hits 4800# | Market Analysis & Prediction: Boldly share your ETH predictions to showcase your insights! 10 lucky users will split a 0.1 ETH prize!
Details 👉 https://www.gate.com/post/status/12322612
2️⃣ #Creator Campaign Phase 2# |ZKWASM Topic: Share original content about ZKWASM or its trading activity on X or Gate Square to win a share of 4,000 ZKWASM!
Details 👉 https://www.gate.com/post/st
JAM and JAM Grid: A New Era of Web3 Cloud Computing for Polkadot
Original text: Permanence DAO, PolkaWorld
Polkadot aims to be the true Web3 cloud (Polkadot cloud), providing infrastructure for building highly scalable and extremely reliable Web3 applications and services. While different, this is similar to what AWS does for Web2 applications and services.
Want to learn how JAM and JAM Grid drive Polkadot to become a true Web3 cloud? Check out this article to learn what JAM and JAM Grid are!
In addition, Dr. Gavin Wood will be hosting a JAM Tour in 6 cities in China from the end of February to the beginning of March, where he will share with you what JAM is, what problems JAM solves, and what developers can do based on JAM! You'll have the opportunity to meet Gavin Wood in person and explore the cutting-edge technologies and concepts of Web3! Hurry up and sign up here! "JAM Tour China Station Registration Opens! 2025 Meet Dr. Gavin Wood! 》
Before we officially start, let's take a brief look at the timeline of Polkadot Cloud:
Polkadot Cloud — Genesis Phase: May 2020
Polkadot went live at this moment and produced its first block, marking the official launch of Polkadot Cloud.
Polkadot Cloud - Milestone 1 (Parallel Chain), November 2021
This is the birth of the first cloud service of Polkadot Cloud. This service allows developers to build custom blockchains and connect them to Polkadot Cloud to achieve shared security.
The first cloud service deployment - Milestone 2, December 2021
The first cloud service (parallel chain) goes live, and different teams start using it to deploy their parallel chains.
Polkadot Cloud - Milestone 3 (JAM), to be determined, perhaps by the end of 2025
JAM (Join-Accumulate Machine) is a trustless supercomputer that forms the foundation of Web3 cloud.
Polkadot Cloud — Potential Fourth Milestone (JAM Grid), TBD
JAM Grid will be a hypothetical interconnected supercomputer cluster, with each computer running the JAM protocol.
Today's blockchain, even the so-called "high-performance" blockchain, is struggling to cope with real-time, data-intensive workloads. In contrast, JAM Grid theoretically can achieve a billion transactions per second (TPS), exabyte-scale storage, and hundreds of GB/s bandwidth, potentially providing Web3 services with capabilities comparable to modern cloud data centers.
Introduction to JAM and JAM Grid
JAM is a single supercomputer that enables the construction of scalable and reliable Web3 applications and services. The main goal of JAM is to provide a flexible and efficient framework for managing data and computation in a network. It aims to simplify data integration and maintenance while ensuring the integrity and security of the network. You can learn more about JAM through Gavin Wood's Gray Paper or articles on PolkaWorld.
A new concept, JAM Grid, has been proposed for the next leap: a network consisting of multiple supercomputers that can theoretically achieve a bandwidth of billions of transactions per second (TPS), exabyte-level data availability, and high-performance computing (HPC) level.
Regarding the TPS metric, it is worth noting that in Gavin Wood's year-end summary article, he mentioned that the computing power may reach the equivalent of ten trillion EVM gas per second. Due to the significant differences in the amount of gas consumed by different transactions, there is no universally applicable "transactions per second" (TPS) metric. For example, a simple ETH transfer on Ethereum may require 21,000 gas, while more complex smart contract interactions may require tens of thousands or even millions of gas. The following is a comparison table (it is important to note that these data are all approximate values).
As shown in the figure above, for transactions that consume a large amount of gas, the upper limit of JAM is about 1 million TPS, and the upper limit of JAM Grid is about 1 billion TPS. However, it is worth noting that these data are approximate values.
JAM: Unprecedented scale and computing power
What is JAM?
JAM (Join-Accumulate Machine) is a trustless supercomputer that forms the foundation of the Web3 cloud. It is a new computing model and protocol designed to enhance the capabilities of Polkadot and address scalability challenges in blockchain technology. JAM will support 1 million transactions per second (TPS), 2 PB of data availability, and 857 MB/s bandwidth.
Why is it important?
JAM is the next upgrade that will bring Polkadot closer to its original vision of becoming a permissionless global supercomputer.
How do other blockchains compare?
JAM's scalability is designed to support large-scale real-time applications that traditional blockchains cannot handle.
JAM Grid: Unlocking 10 billion TPS
What is JAM Grid?
JAM Grid is a hypothetical interconnected super computer cluster where each computer runs the JAM protocol, promising to achieve 1 billion transactions per second (TPS), 1 exabyte of data storage, and 600 GB/s of bandwidth.
Why is it important?
These numbers far exceed today's blockchain standards, heralding a scale similar to high-performance computing (HPC). If achieved, it would be able to handle global-scale applications while maintaining decentralized security.
How does it compare to other blockchains?
Projects like Solana, Aptos, Sui, and Avalanche have driven higher throughput than traditional blockchains, but have not yet reached exabyte-level storage or high-performance computing (HPC) level bandwidth.
Comparison Chart with Other Blockchains
Now that we understand why these metrics are important, let's take a look at how the vision of JAM Grid compares to other leading projects.
It should be noted that many TPS numbers are for testnets or theoretical maximums - actual performance may vary. The metrics for data availability and bandwidth are also approximate ranges, as there are no exact figures. We strive to present a fair and accurate comparison, but if you find any inconsistencies, please contact us for correction.
You can find Google documents here that include charts and footnotes.
Again, it should be emphasized that the indicators in the above chart are ranges/approximations. If there are more accurate numbers, please feel free to contact us at any time.
Key Points
What applications can JAM achieve?
With approximately 1 million TPS, 2 PB of data availability, and 857 MB/s bandwidth, JAM Supercomputer brings a tremendous leap beyond most existing blockchains. Here are some application examples that JAM can unlock:
Real-time gaming and virtual worlds (city-level or national-level)
Why not now? The current blockchain cannot handle the frequent game state changes of thousands or even millions (let alone millions) of players.
JAM How does it help? 100 million TPS means that fast interaction in city-level or national-level virtual worlds can be maintained on the chain, thereby reducing reliance on centralized servers.
Real-time IoT and Automation (Enterprise or City-level)
Why not now? Internet of Things devices generate millions of events per second in urban or industrial deployments. Most blockchains cannot handle such a large number of on-chain events, which can easily lead to severe congestion.
JAM How does it help? With a throughput of about 1 million TPS and PB-level data availability, each device can reliably publish millions of events per second on the chain, which is very suitable for large enterprises or smart cities. The bandwidth of hundreds of MB/s ensures fast synchronization of sensor data between global nodes - enough to meet the needs of cities or enterprise-level, but not enough to cover the entire globe's IoT devices.
High-traffic stablecoin or payment system (national level)
Why not now? Traditional blockchain faces network congestion and high fees under heavy loads, limiting the mainstream application of on-chain micro-payments.
What can JAM provide? With a capacity of approximately 1 million TPS (assuming simple transactions), stablecoins or payment networks can serve national or regional economies. The fast throughput keeps the costs low and transaction confirmations quick. Although it cannot achieve billions of micro-payments worldwide every day, it is enough to surpass the limitations of most existing L1s.
After the implementation of JAM, Polkadot Cloud will greatly surpass many existing L1s in terms of throughput, storage, and bandwidth, and will be able to support real-time, data-intensive dApps that cannot be realized on current blockchains.
What applications can JAM Grid achieve?
Today's blockchain - even 'fast' blockchain - struggles to handle real-time, large workloads. In contrast, JAM Grid, which supports tens of billions of TPS, zettabyte-level storage, and hundreds of GB/s bandwidth, can provide modern cloud data center-level performance for Web3 services. Here are some application examples that may eventually become a reality under these conditions:
Large-scale multiplayer virtual worlds and games
Why not now? The current blockchain is unable to handle real-time updates from millions of concurrent players, let alone store a large amount of game assets, states, and logs on-chain.
How does JAM Grid help? With tens of billions of TPS and huge bandwidth, JAM Grid can handle frequent state updates (such as player actions, world changes), and all data is kept on the chain, eliminating the reliance on centralized game servers. Byte-level storage allows massive 3D asset libraries, character inventory, and item history to be verifiable and persistent.
Real-time Internet of Things and Automation
Why not now? IoT devices continuously generate data streams, such as temperature, vehicle telemetry, sensor updates, which may produce millions of events per second. There is no mainstream blockchain that can process and verify such a massive amount of data in near real-time.
How does JAM Grid help? High throughput and scalable data availability enable each device to record updates directly on the chain without overwhelming the network. High bandwidth ensures that data can be quickly propagated between globally distributed nodes.
Global-scale social network
Why doesn't it work now? Social platforms generate billions of interactions every day, such as likes, posts, comments, and messages. This requires a tremendous amount of throughput and storage. Existing blockchains cannot handle such a massive amount of on-chain activities.
JAM Grid How to help? Tens of billions of TPS can support almost instant release, while byte-level storage can store rich media and user history without relying on off-chain solutions. The built-in decentralization ensures that no single company controls user data or content review.
Decentralized AI and Large-Scale Machine Learning
Why not now? The training and inference of large-scale AI models require a significant amount of computational power and massive datasets, which are typically handled by centralized high-performance computing (HPC) clusters.
How does JAM Grid help? JAM Grid's HPC-like throughput and bandwidth can host distributed AI workloads on the chain, ensuring the auditability of data, verifiability of training results, and providing equal access to HPC resources for everyone.
Global Stablecoin Payment System
Why not now? Traditional stablecoins on L1 blockchains are already facing congestion and high fees under high loads. Billions of daily micro-payments, such as IoT micro-transactions and daily purchases, have become impractical.
How does JAM Grid help? High throughput + fast confirmation allows stablecoins to scale globally without astronomical transaction fees or bottlenecks. This lays the foundation for a universal and low-cost payment system that is more open than any enterprise provider.
In short, JAM's extreme throughput and storage capacity unlock new Web3 services that are comparable in performance to traditional cloud solutions while maintaining decentralized ownership.
How Does JAM Grid Empower Developers?
In the previous section, we demonstrated examples of global-scale applications that JAM Grid can support. Developers may wonder: How does this open up new opportunities for me? Here are some ways in which JAM Grid is changing the development experience, beyond just unlocking theoretically possible workloads:
Large-scale On-chain Data Processing
Today's Bottleneck: Even "fast" L1 and many L2 impose strict restrictions on data or states, forcing developers to rely heavily on off-chain servers, IPFS, or private storage. This complexity in architecture increases trust assumptions and limits transparency.
The breakthrough of JAM Grid: Through byte-level data availability, developers can design truly data-intensive decentralized applications (dApps), where logic and large data sets are stored on the chain. This ensures auditability and composability without relying on off-chain databases.
Easier to achieve globalized applications
Today's Bottlenecks: Even successful Web3 projects often encounter performance bottlenecks, and mainstream users feel alienated when fees soar or throughput declines.
JAM Grid's breakthrough: With support for billions of TPS, developers can target mass-market adoption – like a truly mainstream social app or a multinational supply chain solution – without crashing the system due to excessive load.
JAM Grid not only provides support for large and striking use cases, but also significantly reduces the friction between innovative ideas and efficient, trustless solutions. Suppose you have spent years hitting a wall on scaling issues, or cobbling together partial solutions. In this case, JAM Grid's HPC-level design opens up a future for developers in which they can fully rely on the chain, horizontally scale, while still relying on a shared security layer.
It can be seen as the "cloud moment" of Web3 development: you write code, you deploy applications, and the network (supported by the secure layer HPC of Polkadot DOT) ensures performance and security — while maintaining the decentralized concept of blockchain core.
How to drive JAM Grid?
DOT is the key to securing the entire Polkadot ecosystem - from Polkadot Cloud to every JAM supercomputer in JAM Grid.
Ensure security through staking
To ensure the security of the Polkadot network and subsequently the security of JAM Grid, validators need to stake DOT. As JAM Grid expands, the required staking amount will also increase, which may enhance the role of DOT in securing these supercomputers.
Access and Participation
To build or deploy services on a JAM-based supercomputer, users and developers will interact with the infrastructure of Polkadot, paying fees or staking DOT. Essentially, DOT becomes the passport for accessing the world's most powerful supercomputers (or supercomputer grids) for Web3 development.
Economic Alignment
If JAM Grid is successful, it will enhance the utility of Polkadot, further driving demand for DOT - creating a positive feedback loop between the growth of supercomputers and the fundamental value of DOT.
By enabling DOT to be the asset that secures, accesses, and powers JAM Grid, DOT becomes the core economic driver of the global-scale Web3 cloud. This synergy makes DOT more than just 'another token' - it becomes the foundation for hosting and running the next generation of decentralized high-performance applications.
Conclusion
If JAM Grid can truly achieve 1 billion TPS and exabyte-level storage, it will prove that there is indeed a way to build a decentralized infrastructure that can handle global-scale demands. Instead of promoting zero-sum competition, this vision emphasizes a common driving force - to establish a 'supercomputer' governed by the community rather than tech giants, which is permissionless and globally accessible.
These ambitious specifications are a guide to the true Web3 native 'cloud': ** globally accessible, economically incentivized, and free from centralized control. If JAM Grid succeeds, it will not only raise the standard of Polkadot—it will also incentivize a broader ecosystem to envision new possibilities of high throughput, trustless computation. The ultimate goal is to benefit billions of people from transparent, censorship-resistant services.